资料翻译中常见的英语语法错误有哪些?

资料翻译中常见的英语语法错误

在资料翻译过程中,准确无误的翻译是至关重要的。然而,由于语言习惯、语法知识等方面的原因,翻译过程中难免会出现一些语法错误。以下列举了资料翻译中常见的英语语法错误,以供参考。

一、时态错误

时态是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它表示动作发生的时间。在资料翻译过程中,时态错误是较为常见的语法错误之一。

  1. 过去时与现在时混淆

翻译时,应明确区分过去时和现在时。例如:

原文:I visited the museum yesterday.

误译:I visit the museum yesterday.

正译:I visited the museum yesterday.


  1. 现在完成时与过去完成时混淆

现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作。例如:

原文:I had finished my homework before the teacher came.

误译:I have finished my homework before the teacher came.

正译:I had finished my homework before the teacher came.

二、语态错误

语态是英语语法中的另一个重要概念,它表示动作的执行者。在资料翻译过程中,语态错误也是常见的语法错误之一。

  1. 被动语态与主动语态混淆

翻译时,应正确运用被动语态和主动语态。例如:

原文:The book was written by the author.

误译:The author wrote the book.

正译:The book was written by the author.


  1. 过去分词与现在分词混淆

过去分词表示被动或完成,而现在分词表示主动或进行。例如:

原文:The broken window was fixed by the worker.

误译:The broken window is fixing by the worker.

正译:The broken window was fixed by the worker.

三、主谓一致错误

主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。在资料翻译过程中,主谓一致错误也是常见的语法错误之一。

  1. 主语与谓语不一致

翻译时,应确保主语和谓语在数上保持一致。例如:

原文:The children are playing in the park.

误译:The child is playing in the park.

正译:The children are playing in the park.


  1. 主语与谓语不一致

翻译时,应确保主语和谓语在数上保持一致。例如:

原文:The company has increased its sales by 20%.

误译:The company have increased its sales by 20%.

正译:The company has increased its sales by 20%.

四、冠词错误

冠词是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它用于指示名词。在资料翻译过程中,冠词错误也是常见的语法错误之一。

  1. 定冠词与不定冠词混淆

翻译时,应正确使用定冠词和不定冠词。例如:

原文:The boy is reading a book.

误译:A boy is reading a book.

正译:The boy is reading a book.


  1. 冠词缺失

翻译时,应确保名词前有适当的冠词。例如:

原文:I have two brother.

误译:I have two brother.

正译:I have two brothers.

五、介词错误

介词是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它用于表示时间、地点、方向等关系。在资料翻译过程中,介词错误也是常见的语法错误之一。

  1. 介词搭配错误

翻译时,应正确使用介词搭配。例如:

原文:The teacher gave us a lecture on the topic of climate change.

误译:The teacher gave us a lecture about the topic of climate change.

正译:The teacher gave us a lecture on the topic of climate change.


  1. 介词缺失

翻译时,应确保句子中有适当的介词。例如:

原文:She arrived in the city yesterday.

误译:She arrived the city yesterday.

正译:She arrived in the city yesterday.

总结

资料翻译过程中,语法错误是影响翻译质量的重要因素。以上列举了资料翻译中常见的英语语法错误,包括时态错误、语态错误、主谓一致错误、冠词错误和介词错误等。在翻译过程中,译者应注重语法知识的积累,提高自己的翻译水平,以确保翻译质量。

猜你喜欢:专利与法律翻译