中译英医学翻译有哪些专业术语？

Medical Translation: Professional Terminology in Chinese-to-English Translation

Medical translation is a specialized field that requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a comprehensive knowledge of medical terminology and concepts. In this article, we will explore some of the professional terminology commonly encountered in Chinese-to-English medical translation.

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical terms are crucial in medical translation, as they refer to the structures and locations of organs, tissues, and body parts. Some commonly used anatomical terms in Chinese-to-English translation include:

脑 (nǎo) - brain
心脏 (xīn zàng) - heart
肺 (fèi) - lung
肝 (gān) - liver
胰腺 (pán xiàn) - pancreas
肾脏 (shèn zàng) - kidney
骨髓 (gǔ suǐ) - bone marrow
脊髓 (jǐ suǐ) - spinal cord

Pathological Terms

Pathological terms describe diseases, disorders, and conditions. They are essential for accurately conveying medical information in translation. Some commonly used pathological terms in Chinese-to-English translation include:

肿瘤 (zhǒng liú) - tumor
癌症 (ái zhèng) - cancer
炎症 (yán zhēng) - inflammation
贫血 (pín xiě) - anemia
高血压 (gāo xuè yā) - hypertension
糖尿病 (táng niào bìng) - diabetes
心脏病 (xīn zàng bìng) - heart disease
神经系统疾病 (shén jīng xì tǒng jí bìng) - neurological disorders

Pharmacological Terms

Pharmacological terms refer to drugs, medications, and their effects. They are essential for translating prescriptions, drug labels, and medical research papers. Some commonly used pharmacological terms in Chinese-to-English translation include:

抗生素 (kàng xìn suàn) - antibiotic
抗病毒药 (kàng bìng zhuàng yào) - antiviral drug
抗癌药 (kàng ái yào) - anticancer drug
抗癫痫药 (kàng diān xīn yào) - antiepileptic drug
镇痛药 (zhèn tòng yào) - analgesic
抗高血压药 (kàng gāo xuè yā yào) - antihypertensive drug
胰岛素 (pán shù dǎo) - insulin

Diagnostic Terms

Diagnostic terms are used to describe the methods and procedures used to diagnose diseases and conditions. They are essential for translating medical reports, imaging studies, and laboratory results. Some commonly used diagnostic terms in Chinese-to-English translation include:

X光 (X guāng) - X-ray
CT扫描 (CT pān suō) - CT scan
MRI (磁共振成像) (cí gòng jìng chéng xiàng) - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
超声波 (chāo shēng bō) - ultrasound
血常规 (xuè guān cháng) - complete blood count (CBC)
尿常规 (niào guān cháng) - urinalysis

Therapeutic Terms

Therapeutic terms describe the treatments and interventions used to manage diseases and conditions. They are essential for translating medical treatment plans, patient education materials, and clinical trials. Some commonly used therapeutic terms in Chinese-to-English translation include:

手术 (shǒu shù) - surgery
药物治疗 (yào wù zhì liáo) - medication therapy
物理治疗 (wù lǐ zhì liáo) - physical therapy
放疗 (fàng liáo) - radiation therapy
化疗 (huà liáo) - chemotherapy
支持治疗 (zhī chí zhì liáo) - supportive care

In conclusion, Chinese-to-English medical translation requires a solid understanding of professional terminology in various medical fields. An accurate translation of anatomical, pathological, pharmacological, diagnostic, and therapeutic terms is crucial for ensuring clear and effective communication in the healthcare industry. To excel in this field, translators must continuously expand their vocabulary and stay updated on the latest medical advancements.